Vitiligo is a common skin disease characterized by localized or generalized pigment loss patches. Its occurrence is related to a variety of internal and external factors. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Studies have shown that family clustering is relatively obvious, and if parents or siblings suffer from vitiligo, the risk of their children developing the disease will increase. Abnormal immune system is also an important factor leading to vitiligo. When the body produces an immune response to its own tissues, it may destroy the function of melanocytes, leading to the formation of white patches. Some autoimmune diseases such as hyperthyroidism, lupus erythematosus, etc. may also induce vitiligo. In addition, environmental factors also have a certain relationship with the occurrence of vitiligo. Long-term exposure to sunlight can promote the growth of melanocytes, but excessive exposure may cause skin damage and induce vitiligo. Certain chemicals, drugs, and infections may also trigger or exacerbate the disease. Mental stress and emotional fluctuations are also considered as one of the important inducements of vitiligo. Psychological tension, anxiety, and depression may affect the normal function of the immune system, leading to the occurrence of vitiligo. The pathogenesis of vitiligo involves multiple factors, including genetics, immune system abnormalities, environmental factors, and mental stress. Understanding these factors can help doctors formulate individualized treatment plans and help patients better manage and control the disease.
