How to Provide Nursing Care for Patients with Brain Injury?

Brain injury is a relatively serious and complex condition that poses a significant threat to life. Although survival is possible after rescue, some residual symptoms may occur, such as neurological dysfunction in motor, language, and sensory aspects, which can also be a challenge for caregivers. Rehabilitation for patients with brain injury can be approached from three aspects: motor, speech, and sensation, which can have certain benefits for the recovery of patients.

1. Good Limb Position: Good limb position refers to placing the limbs in a certain posture or position to maintain their good function. It is a temporary position designed from the perspective of treatment and care. It can prevent abnormal muscle tension, which is not only beneficial for maintaining joint range of motion, limb functional position, and preventing spasms, but also helps prevent bedsores, respiratory infections, and improves blood circulation.

2. Motor Function: After brain injury, the motor function of the contralateral limbs is impaired, and the degree of recovery directly affects the patient's self-care ability and quality of life. Passive activities of joints and muscles in the affected limbs should be carried out in a timely manner at home to prevent joint contracture and muscle atrophy. Active activities of patients are particularly important.

3. Language Function: After brain injury, patients often manifest as motor aphasia and speech difficulties. At this time, speech training should be strengthened for patients. Family members should communicate with patients frequently, correct their pronunciation, and let them look at your mouth shape and speak with you. Let patients count, name familiar things or relatives, repeatedly train and exercise to restore their language communication ability.

4. Behavioral Disorders: Patients with brain injury are prone to behavioral abnormalities after the illness. Behavioral rehabilitation training can greatly improve the normal changes in behavior. For patients with behavioral disorders, when they display appropriate behavior or have not displayed inappropriate behavior for a long time, they can be given their favorite items such as chocolate, drinks, cigarettes, etc., and praised at the same time. They can also be given discounts or privileges, such as watching movies.

5. Sensorimotor Function: Brain injury can easily damage sensory nerves or blood vessels, resulting in sensory impairments such as hearing and visual abnormalities. Rehabilitation training for hearing, vision, smell, taste, and other senses can help restore sensation.

In summary, home rehabilitation after brain injury is very important. Patients should be encouraged to enhance their confidence, so that they can recover from the illness without becoming disabled, and lay a foundation for returning to social life.