Why Does the Anal Area Often Become Red, Swollen, and Painful?

Frequent anal swelling and pain may be caused by external friction, hemorrhoids, perianal cysts, anal fistulas, or anal fissures. Treatment should be based on the underlying cause under a doctor's guidance. Detailed analyses are as follows:

1. External Friction: Continuous friction from external objects or clothing on the anal area may damage the surrounding skin, leading to localized swelling, redness, and pain. This can be alleviated by wearing loose clothing. Additionally, hydrocortisone cream or tetracaine hydrochloride gel can be used as prescribed by a doctor.

2. Hemorrhoids: Generally caused by pathological dilation of venous plexus and connective tissue hyperplasia, or poor bowel habits. They can cause anal swelling, discomfort, dampness, and uncleanness. Treatment may include compound lidocaine cream, Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment, Zhisuning tablets, and others as prescribed. Warm saltwater or potassium permanganate baths can also provide relief.

3. Perianal Cysts: Mostly caused by bacterial proliferation in anal glands, presenting as anal swelling, possible hardening, and tenderness. Mild symptoms can be treated with topical applications such as erythromycin ointment, clindamycin phosphate gel, or metronidazole gel. In severe cases, radical surgery for perianal abscesses may be recommended.

4. Anal Fistulas: Often caused by external injuries, leading to surrounding anal redness and swelling accompanied by a small amount of pus. Surgical treatment involves incising the fistula in its entirety and, if necessary, removing surrounding scar tissue to allow the wound to heal from the base up. Medications such as levofloxacin hydrochloride tablets, Imodium capsules, and penicillin tablets can also be used.

5. Anal Fissures: Generally caused by hard and coarse stool due to dry stools and constipation, tearing the anal canal during bowel movements. This leads to anal swelling and pain. Dietary improvements, such as consuming more fruits like apples and pears, can provide relief. Procaine solution, Watermelon Frost spray, and Jiuhua Paste can also be used as prescribed.

Other possible causes include sebaceous cysts. It is recommended to maintain cleanliness and hygiene around the anal area and avoid spicy and irritating foods in daily life.