What Causes Elevated Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels?

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Its Elevation

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is present in liver cells, myocardial cells, and skeletal muscle cells. An elevation in AST indicates damage to these cells, meaning that when liver cells, myocardial cells, or skeletal muscle cells are damaged, it triggers an increase in AST levels. Specifically, this can be attributed to the following:

1. Liver Cell Damage

When liver cells undergo necrosis or damage, significant amounts of AST are released from the ruptured hepatocytes into the bloodstream, causing an elevation of AST levels in the blood. Common causes of liver damage include viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, and drug-induced liver injury. Diagnosis can be confirmed through laboratory tests and imaging studies.

2. Myocardial Cell Damage

Myocardial cells also contain AST. When myocardial cells are damaged, it leads to an increase in AST detected in the blood. For instance, in cases of myocardial infarction or viral myocarditis, AST levels significantly rise, and the diagnosis can be confirmed through electrocardiograms.

3. Skeletal Muscle Cell Damage

Skeletal muscle cells also contain a small amount of AST. When these cells are damaged, it can result in elevated AST levels. Common causes of skeletal muscle cell injury include sprains, dermatomyositis, among others. Diagnosis can be achieved through imaging studies and electromyography.

Upon discovering an elevation in AST levels, it is crucial to seek further medical evaluation at a hospital to determine the underlying cause and initiate treatment accordingly.