What are the Roles of Prostaglandins?

Prostaglandins are a class of hormones with extensive physiological activities, which regulate cell functions, primarily targeting the reproductive system, including uterine contractions during pregnancy. In addition, in the cardiovascular system, they mainly function as vasodilators, reducing resistance in peripheral blood vessels. Prostaglandins can also cause dilation and relaxation of the trachea, stimulating the throat to induce coughing and promote the excretion of sputum.

1. Prostaglandins are active substances composed of unsaturated fatty acids found in animals and humans, possessing multiple physiological effects. They were first discovered in human semen, and it was originally believed that this substance was released by the prostate, thus named prostaglandins.

2. Different prostaglandins have different effects on vascular smooth muscle and bronchial smooth muscle. Prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F can relax vascular smooth muscle, thereby reducing peripheral resistance to blood flow and lowering blood pressure.

3. Prostaglandins are widely distributed in the nervous system, regulating the release and activity of neurotransmitters.

4. Prostaglandins can cause smooth muscle contraction, inhibit gastric acid secretion, and prevent erosion of the gastric mucosa by strong acids, strong alkalis, anhydrous alcohol, etc., providing cytoprotection. They also have protective effects on the small intestine, colon, pancreas, etc. They can also stimulate intestinal fluid secretion, hepatic bile secretion, and gallbladder muscle contraction.

5. Prostaglandin E has a relaxing effect on bronchial smooth muscle, while prostaglandin F is the opposite, acting as a bronchoconstrictor.