Pediatric anemia is a common condition with various symptoms, including general manifestations such as pale skin and mucous membranes, hematopoietic organ manifestations, and other symptoms and signs related to the digestive and respiratory systems. Treatment for anemia can involve medication and dietary iron supplementation. The following are the manifestations and symptoms:

General Manifestations

The skin and mucous membranes gradually become pale or yellowish, especially evident on the lips, oral mucosa, and nail beds. Children may feel easily fatigued, irritable, and have reduced activity and appetite. Older children may complain of dizziness, blurred vision, and tinnitus.

Hematopoietic Organ Manifestations

Due to extramedullary hematopoiesis, the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes may be slightly enlarged. The younger the child and the longer the duration of the disease, the more severe the anemia, and the more evident the enlargement of the liver and spleen. However, the degree of enlargement rarely exceeds moderate levels. Lymph node enlargement is relatively mild, with a firm but not hard texture.

Other Symptoms and Signs

Due to epithelial damage, there may be nail inversion, oral mucosa and anal inflammation, and atrophy of the tongue papillae. Digestive system symptoms often include decreased appetite, pica, and occasional vomiting or diarrhea. Respiratory system symptoms may include accelerated respiratory and pulse rates, and a systolic murmur can often be heard in the precordial region. Severe anemia may lead to cardiac dilation and even concurrent cardiac dysfunction.

Treatment

When anemia is diagnosed in children, iron supplementation medications such as ferrous sulfate tablets, ferrous gluconate tablets, and ferrous fumarate tablets can be prescribed according to the situation. In addition to medication, dietary treatment can also be effective. Eating iron-rich animal organs, such as pork liver, which is rich in iron, can help supplement the body's iron needs. It is important to cultivate good eating habits in children, encouraging them to eat a variety of foods and avoid picky eating. If anemia symptoms are severe, medical attention should be sought promptly to avoid delayed treatment.