Where Are the Common Locations for Ulcerative Colitis to Occur?

The preferred sites of ulcerative colitis are the colon and the rectum. This is because the fecal matter stays for a shorter time in this area, and the sigmoid colon is relatively curved. The curved sigmoid colon plays a significant role in repeatedly stimulating the feces, leading to mucosal congestion, edema, and even recurrent ulceration. Secondly, it can manifest in the hepatic flexure and splenic flexure of the transverse colon, as well as in the ascending colon reaching the ileocecal valve. Most ileocecal valves can also lead to ulceration due to repeated stimulation. Therefore, the most common sites of ulcerative colitis are the sigmoid colon and rectum, followed by the transverse colon, and then the cecum. Most cases of ulcerative colitis can present with mucus and bloody stool, and pathological examination under colonoscopy is needed to distinguish it from other diseases such as Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis. Further supportive treatment is provided based on the pathological results. The treatment of ulcerative colitis is relatively difficult. The cause of ulcerative colitis is not particularly clear, and the disease may recur repeatedly, making treatment challenging. The main treatment for ulcerative colitis is medication, focusing on controlling the patient's condition and preventing complications. The main drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylic acid derivatives, such as sulfasalazine and mesalazine. For patients with poor drug control and recurrent conditions, glucocorticoid drugs such as prednisone can be appropriately combined. When the condition further deteriorates, immunosuppressants such as azathioprine can be appropriately combined.