The treatment of venous insufficiency mainly includes conservative treatment and surgical treatment. It is mostly caused by congenital weaknesses in the venous wall, defects or dysfunction of venous valves, and high venous pressure. It can cause symptoms such as swelling, weakness, soreness, and even severe nutritional disorders of the skin in severe cases. Conservative treatment is the primary method for treating venous insufficiency. It can improve the function of the calf muscle pump, promote venous return, and relieve symptoms caused by venous insufficiency through exercise therapy, pressure therapy, and drug therapy. If venous insufficiency causes varicose veins or incompetent communicating veins in the lower limbs, surgical treatment can be used to correct these issues and achieve the treatment goal.
Venous insufficiency in the lower limbs is a general term for venous diseases in the lower limbs. Strictly speaking, varicose veins of the great saphenous vein in the lower limbs is not a single disease, but the most prominent manifestation of venous insufficiency in the lower limbs. Other manifestations include itching, scratches, eczema, pigmentation, and ulcers in the malleolar region. Venous insufficiency in the lower limbs includes two main categories: venous reflux diseases and venous return obstructive diseases. Superficial varicose veins are mainly caused by varicose lesions in the great saphenous vein and its tributaries, manifesting as bulging and tortuous veins, especially prominent and widespread in the calf. The affected limb may experience symptoms such as swelling, soreness, heaviness, and pain, which tend to be worse in the evening than in the morning. Nutritional changes in the skin of the lower calf may occur, with early symptoms including itching and scratches. As the condition progresses, pigmentation may appear, primarily in the lower calf. Further development may lead to venous ulcers, which are difficult to heal and tend to occur primarily on the medial side of the lower calf.
