Introduction to Interferon: Antiviral Mechanism, Characteristics, and Administration Methods

In our daily lives, many people have limited knowledge about medications, which can lead to confusion and concerns about their efficacy when prescribed by doctors. Interferon is an immunomodulatory agent with antiviral and antitumor properties, primarily used in the treatment of viral infections such as condyloma acuminata and herpes zoster. However, patients often lack a thorough understanding of the antiviral mechanisms and characteristics of interferon. Let's delve into a detailed introduction.

I. Antiviral Mechanism of Interferon

Interferon does not directly inactivate viruses but exerts its effects by inducing cells to synthesize antiviral proteins (AVP). It first binds to interferon receptors on cells, triggering a series of signaling and biological processes that activate the expression of various antiviral proteins, thereby inhibiting viral replication. These antiviral proteins primarily include 2′-5′A synthetase and protein kinases. The former degrades viral mRNA, while the latter inhibits the synthesis of viral polypeptide chains, ultimately terminating viral replication.

II. Characteristics of Interferon

① Indirectness: It suppresses viruses by inducing cells to produce antiviral proteins and other effector molecules.

② Broad-spectrum activity: Antiviral proteins are enzymes that lack specificity and can inhibit a wide range of viruses.

③ Species specificity: Interferon typically exhibits high activity in homologous cells and lacks activity in heterologous cells.

④ Rapid onset: Interferon can both interrupt viral infection in infected cells and limit viral spread, playing a crucial role during the early stages of infection before humoral and cellular immunity take effect.

III. Administration Methods, Injection Sites, and Storage Conditions for Interferon

1. Administration: Interferon is typically administered via injection, with subcutaneous injection being the preferred method. Suitable injection sites include the upper arms, abdomen, and buttocks, avoiding repeated injections in the same area.

2. Storage: As a biological product, interferon has specific storage requirements. It should be stored at a temperature of 2-8°C, ideally in the refrigerator compartment of a fridge, with a shelf life of approximately 15 months. Avoid storing interferon in the freezer compartment as it can deteriorate and become unusable.