What are Langerhans Giant Cells?

Langhans Giant Cells, also known as Langerhans cells, are dendritic cells located between the skin and mucous membranes. These cells primarily originate from the spleen and spinal cord, gradually migrating to the interior of the skin. They are commonly found in the dermis, esophagus, thymus, oral mucosa, and spleen. Langhans Giant Cells have an active cell cycle, enabling self-repair and effectively preventing the spread of viruses.

Within the body, the number of Langerhans cells is approximately 460-1000/mm². These cells are distributed within the epidermal granular layer cells, spinous layer cells, basal cells, and skin appendage cells. The number and distribution of these cells remain relatively constant, accounting for 3% to 4% of the total cell count in a given area.

Langerhans cells possess an active cell cycle, allowing them to self-repair and replenish aged or damaged cells. The functional role of Langhans Giant Cells lies in immune surveillance. As they are capable of extracting virus- and tumor-related antigens, Langerhans cells play a crucial role in eliminating epidermal neoplastic cells and preventing the spread of skin virus infections.

Additionally, Langhans Giant Cells, also known as Langhanas cells, participate in the recognition, ingestion, and extraction of T lymphocyte immune antigens. Various stimuli, particularly chemical haptens, can bind to most Langerhans cells. However, only Langerhans cells can modify or process allergens, sending appropriate decision clusters to T lymphocytes, ultimately leading to sensitization.