What Are the Clinical Manifestations of Shock?
The causes and severity of shock vary, and early symptoms may include general dizziness and unexplained fatigue. In severe cases, symptoms may include confusion, poor responsiveness, and even syncope. Shock can produce the following main manifestations:
Manifestations include panic, chest tightness, significantly faster heartbeat often exceeding 100~120 times/min, weak pulse, decreased blood pressure, systolic pressure less than 80~90mmHg, decreased pulse pressure, less than 20mmHg, significantly reduced central venous pressure, arrhythmia, and electrocardiogram examination may show patterns of insufficient blood supply to the heart.
In the early stages of shock, respiratory rate may accelerate and over-ventilation may occur, leading to respiratory acidosis.
Patients may experience manifestations such as anxiety, headache, nausea and vomiting, papillae edema, and more severe symptoms may include indifference, slow thinking, delirium, convulsions, and syncope.
Patients initially have a hypercoagulable state, which is beneficial for hemostasis. However, in the later stages, there may be minor bleeding, including bleeding from wounds and bleeding bruises at puncture sites. The main reasons for this are low platelet counts and hyperactive fibrinolysis.
The specific manifestations in clinical medicine are bleeding, which can range from mild to severe, including vomiting blood and black stool. Massive bleeding can be fatal.
The specific manifestations are energy consumption impairment, increased blood lactic acid, increased or decreased blood sugar levels, as well as water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.
Shock can be classified based on its etiology into hemorrhagic shock, anaphylactic shock, etc. It can also be classified based on hemodynamics into hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, etc. If a patient exhibits symptoms of shock, it is recommended to seek medical attention at a reputable comprehensive hospital as soon as possible.
